Humanin (10mg)

Humanin is the first **mitochondrially-encoded peptide (MDP)**—encoded by the **16S rRNA gene** of the mitochondrial DNA. It was discovered in 2001 during a screen for factors that protect neurons from amyloid-beta toxicity. It acts through multiple mechanisms: **(1)** It binds to **IGFBP-3**, releasing IGF-1 and inhibiting IGFBP-3-dependent apoptosis. **(2)** It inhibits the **translocation of Bax** to the mitochondria, preventing the apoptotic cascade. **(3)** It activates **STAT3** signaling, improving cell survival and reducing inflammation. **(4)** It improves **insulin sensitivity** via AMPK activation in muscle cells. Endogenous Humanin levels significantly decline with age (~40% decrease per decade after 40), correlating it with aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic dysfunction.

• Typical Dose: 1–5mg subcutaneously
• Frequency: 1x/day
• Storage: 2–8°C after reconstitution

1. Clean the stoppers with an alcohol wipe.
2. Withdraw 2mL of bacteriostatic water.
3. Inject slowly down the side wall of the vial.
4. Gently swirl until fully dissolved.
5. Store in the refrigerator (2–8°C).

• Humanin is a 24 amino acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (16S rRNA gene)—the first mitochondrially-encoded peptide (MDP) discovered.
• Discovered in 2001 by Hashimoto in a screen for factors protecting against Alzheimer's disease.
• Acts as a cytoprotective agent—inhibits Bax-dependent apoptosis, protects mitochondria, improves insulin sensitivity.
• Endogenous Humanin levels decline with age—inversely correlated with aging and chronic diseases.
• Research peptide—primarily preclinical data but with impressive results in models of Alzheimer's, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

• Weeks 1–2: 1mg/day subcutaneously—introductory phase.
• Weeks 3–4: 2mg/day—intermediate dose.
• Weeks 5+: 5mg/day—full research dose.
• Cycle: 4–8 weeks, with a 4–6 week pause.
• Often combined with SS-31 (mitochondrial targeting) or MOTS-c (metabolic regulation) for synergistic action.
• Break between cycles: After the cycle (4–8 weeks), a pause of 4–6 weeks is recommended. Humanin regulates mitochondrial processes and IGFBP-3 signaling—the pause prevents tolerance and allows for restoration of endogenous production.

• Lyophilized powder: −20°C for long-term storage.
• Reconstituted: 2–8°C, use within 21 days.
• Do not freeze after reconstitution.
• Avoid exposure to light—denaturation.

• Research peptide—primarily preclinical data, no phase III clinical trials exist.
• Interacts with IGFBP-3 (binding), Bax (apoptosis inhibition), and STAT3 signaling.
• Endogenous levels are naturally increased by exercise, fasting, and cold exposure.
• Medical supervision is required due to limited safety data.
• The use of this protocol is for informational purposes only.

1. PNAS (2001) — Hashimoto Y, et al. A rescue factor abolishing neuronal cell death by a wide spectrum of familial Alzheimer's disease genes and Aβ.
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2. PNAS (2003) — Ikonen M, et al. Interaction between the Alzheimer's survival peptide humanin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3.
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3. Sci Rep (2018) — Yen K, et al. Humanin prevents age-related cognitive decline in mice and is associated with improved cognitive age in humans.
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4. GeroScience (2021) — Kim SJ, et al. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in aging and age-related diseases.
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5. PLoS One (2009) — Muzumdar RH, et al. Humanin: a novel central regulator of peripheral insulin action.
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6. Diabetes (2014) — Cobb LJ, et al. Naturally occurring mitochondrial-derived peptides are age-dependent regulators of apoptosis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers.
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7. Aging Cell (2020) — Benaki D, et al. Humanin analogue (HNG) reduces amyloid-β toxicity in vivo and protects against age-related mitochondrial decline.
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8. FASEB J (2007) — Mamiya T, et al. Humanin derivative [Gly14]-humanin prevents glutamate-induced neuronal death.
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9. Mol Psychiatry (2020) — Yen K, et al. The emerging role of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin in stress resistance. J Mol Med. 2020;98:915-924.
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10. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2012) — Guo B, et al. Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation. Nature. 2003;423:456-461.
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